French Conjugation

Le Subjonctif Présent: Derivation Mechanics & Core Identity

Deriving the present subjunctive stem from the third‑person plural of the indicative and applying the regular endings.

Level B1 Category Conjugation
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Lesson Summary

Deriving the present subjunctive stem from the third‑person plural of the indicative and applying the regular endings.

Conjugation

A New Mood: The Subjunctive

The indicative (facts), imperative (orders), and conditional (hypotheticals) have already been studied. The subjonctif is the mood of subjectivity: it is used to express doubt, necessity, desire, or emotion. This lesson presents the formation of the present subjunctive for regular verbs. Its usage after specific conjunctions and verbs will be treated in subsequent lessons.

Formation Rule (Regular Verbs)

StepExample: parlerExample: finirExample: vendre
1. Take the 3rd person plural (ils/elles) of the present indicativeils parlentils finissentils vendent
2. Remove -entparl-finiss-vend-
3. Add the subjunctive endingsque je parleque je finisseque je vende

Subjunctive Endings (Regular Verbs)

SubjectEndingParlerFinirVendre
je / j'-eque je parleque je finisseque je vende
tu-esque tu parlesque tu finissesque tu vendes
il / elle / on-equ’il parlequ’il finissequ’il vende
nous-ionsque nous parlionsque nous finissionsque nous vendions
vous-iezque vous parliezque vous finissiezque vous vendiez
ils / elles-entqu’ils parlentqu’ils finissentqu’ils vendent

Two Stems for Nous and Vous

The nous and vous forms of the present subjunctive are derived from the stem of the present indicative nous form (the same stem used for the imparfait, see imparfait stem formations).

- Nous parlonsque nous parlions
- Nous finissonsque nous finissions
- Nous vendonsque nous vendions

This means that for -ir and -re verbs, the stem used for nous and vous differs from that of the other persons.

Pronunciation

The singular forms (je, tu, il) and the third‑person plural (ils) are pronounced identically: parle, parles, parle, parlent all sound like [paʀl]. The nous and vous forms are audibly distinct: parlions [paʀljɔ̃], parliez [paʀlje].

Examples

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These are the main phrases this lesson covers:

Le Subjonctif Présent: Derivation Mechanics & Core IdentityDeriving the present subjunctive stem from the third‑person plural of the indicative and applying the regular endings.Conjugate regular -er, -ir, and -re verbs in the present subjunctive using the standard stem formation and endings.ConjugationB1conjugationLearn French ConjugationFrench ConjugationA New Mood: The SubjunctiveThe indicative (facts), imperative (orders), and conditional (hypotheticals) have already been studied. The subjonctif is the mood of subjectivity: it is used to express doubt, necessity, desire, or emotion. This lesson presents the formation of the present subjunctive for regular verbs. Its usage after specific conjunctions and verbs will be treated in subsequent lessons.