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Grammar
Objective: Place two object pronouns before the auxiliary in the passé composé, and apply the participle agreement rule when a direct object pronoun precedes the verb.
| Sentence | Chain | Auxiliary + participle |
|---|---|---|
| Je le lui ai donné. | le lui | ai donné |
| Elle la leur a montrée. | la leur | a montrée |
| Nous vous les avons envoyés. | vous les | avons envoyés |
| Il me l'a expliqué. | me l' | a expliqué |
| Tu nous y as emmenés. | nous y | as emmenés |
| Je ne le lui ai pas dit. | ne le lui | ai pas dit |
The pronoun chain sits before the auxiliary, and the direct pronoun le precedes the indirect lui. The auxiliary ai follows the whole chain.
The direct object pronoun replaces the noun and moves into the chain before the auxiliary. Since la is a preceding direct object, the past participle takes the feminine ending donnée.
The direct pronoun le precedes the indirect lui, and the chain sits before the auxiliary ai.
The preceding direct object la is feminine singular, so the participle takes the ending -e in montrée.
The first-position pronoun vous precedes the second-position les. The masculine plural direct object triggers the ending -s.
The direct pronoun l' elides before the vowel-initial auxiliary a. The masculine singular direct object leaves the participle in its base form.
The plural direct object les refers to a feminine plural noun such as les lettres, so the participle takes the feminine plural ending -es.
7 exercises · about 11 minutes
The preceding direct object les triggers agreement on the past participle, which takes the masculine plural ending -s.
In a negative sentence, the pronoun chain stays before the auxiliary inside the ne ... pas bracket. The direct pronoun comes first in the chain, and pas follows the auxiliary.
The pronoun y comes fourth in the chain, after the first-position nous. The masculine plural direct object triggers the ending -s.
The pronoun chain stays inside the ne ... pas bracket, and pas follows the auxiliary ai.
The reflexive verb takes the auxiliary être, and the participle agrees with the feminine subject elle.